India is experiencing a dramatic surge in extreme heat events, exacerbated by a combination of climate change, urban heat islands (UHIs), and the Heat Dome Effect.
India has achieved a significant milestone in agricultural production by overtaking China to become the world’s largest rice producer in the year 2024–25.
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) is experiencing a period of strategic transformation, marked by expansion, increasing geopolitical significance, and economic diversification.
In the digital age, misinformation (false or misleading information spread deliberately or unintentionally) has become a serious challenge.
Flooding is a recurring natural disaster in India, particularly affecting states like Assam, Tripura, Wayanad (Kerala), and Manipur due to their geographic and climatic conditions.
The Changing Nature of India's Labour Market.
The global aviation industry, which contributes approximately 2.5% of global CO₂ emissions and nearly 12% of total transport emissions, faces mounting pressure to decarbonize.
E-waste contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants, which can pollute soil and water.
The Digital Rupee (e₹) is India's Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), introduced by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in December 2022.
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2024 (DPDP Act) is a landmark law aimed at safeguarding personal data in India’s rapidly growing digital economy.
Wetlands are one of the most important ecosystems, playing a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and hydrological balance.
The upcoming Census of India (2025) and the subsequent Delimitation Exercise (2026) represent one of the most critical political and constitutional turning points in India's post-independence history.
Olive Ridley turtles, scientifically known as Lepidochelys olivacea, are one of the smallest and most abundant sea turtle species in the world.
India's rapid digitalization, with one of the largest internet user bases in the world, has significantly increased the country's vulnerability to cyberattacks.
The Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) is a fascinating marine species, found primarily in the warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.
Here are the key points from the article “Basmati beyond borders: An Indo-Pak story” relevant for UPSC CSE (Prelims + Mains – GS II, III & Essay)
Coral reefs are vital marine ecosystems that support a vast range of marine biodiversity.
Cloud seeding is a weather modification technique aimed at artificially enhancing precipitation.
Boreal forests, also called Taiga, are the largest biome on Earth, covering vast areas across the Northern Hemisphere.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is arguably the most ambitious global infrastructure and economic development strategy in modern history.
Blue carbon refers to the carbon captured and stored by coastal and marine ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes.
The Bonn Climate Conference 2024, officially known as the 58th Session of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies (SB 58), took place in Bonn, Germany, from June 3–13, 2024.
Bharatmala Pariyojana is a flagship highway development program launched by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) to improve connectivity and logistics efficiency across India.
The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Treaty, also called the High Seas Treaty.
The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) is an annual citizen science program that monitors waterbird populations and wetland health across Asia, including ASEAN countries.
AI is the simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think, learn, and solve problems like humans.
The year 2024 has surpassed 2023 as the hottest year on record globally. According to NASA and the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).
The Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–1925) was a landmark social reform movement in British India aimed at abolishing caste-based discrimination .
According to historical and mythological traditions, the idols were originally created by Vajranabh, the great-grandson of Lord Krishna.
The Bay of Bengal is emerging as a critical strategic arena in the Indo-Pacific region.
India, once the proud global face of premium tea — especially the GI-tagged Darjeeling variety — is now facing a triple crisis:
Democracy in India is not just about regular elections but about the effective delivery of essential public services to the masses.
GIP is India’s ambitious initiative to map the genetic diversity of its population.
India’s exports of cut and polished diamonds have fallen to the lowest in two decades on sliding global demand.
The recent academic success of girls at the prestigious Doon School highlights shifting gender dynamics in education.
The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2024, introduced as a reform measure, has been severely criticized by legal scholars, civil society, and minority groups
The European Space Agency (ESA) is preparing to launch its ambitious Biomass Mission in late April 2025.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is often remembered as the architect of the Indian Constitution and a champion of social justice.
Germany's newly elected government under Friedrich Merz has explicitly stated India will play a major role
The Dhinga Gavar Festival is celebrated exclusively in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and in 2025 it was held on Wednesday, April 16.
Agriculture in India has historically been monsoon-dependent. Failed or erratic monsoons led to crop failures, hunger, and famines.
On April 22, 2025, a militant attack in Pahalgam resulted in the deaths of 26 civilians, including 25 Indian nationals and one Nepali tourist.
In the year 2024–25, one of the major improvements at Keoladeo National Park was the reconstruction of the Black Top (BT) road. This redevelopment significantly improved
1971 Liberation War: India played a decisive role in Bangladesh’s independence from Pakistan, creating a deep sense of gratitude and camaraderie in Bangladesh.
Pope Francis, born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was the first Jesuit and Latin American pontiff.
Trump’s "Make America Great Again" agenda resulted in trade tensions, primarily with China, causing global economic uncertainty.
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) announced the final results of the Civil Services Examination (CSE) 2024
In the early 1920s, the British colonial government adopted protectionist economic policies to encourage Indian industries.
Vedic Period (1500–500 BCE) is the Roots of Traditional Indian Medicine
The exploration of alien life has fascinated scientists and thinkers for centuries. In the 1800s, astronomers began speculating about life beyond Earth
On the occasion of World Heritage Day 2025, the UNESCO Memory of the World Register included India’s Bhagavad Gita
Religious tourism refers to travel undertaken for spiritual or religious purposes. In India, it holds special significance due to the country's rich and diverse religious traditions.
India’s Information Technology (IT) sector, projected to generate $283 billion in revenue in the current financial year, is undergoing a significant transformation in its organisational workforce model.
Ratan Tata born in 1937 into the Tata family, he studied architecture
Naini Lake is a natural kidney-shaped lake in the heart of Nainital, surrounded by seven hills.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance established in 1949 to ensure collective security among its member nations.
Mahabodhi Temple located in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, is the site where Prince Siddhartha attained enlightenment, becoming the Buddha in 589 BCE.
The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) of India has grown from a modest secretarial unit at independence into the nerve center of national governance.
Empuraan is a Malayalam political action thriller, sequel to Lucifer (2019).
Built by King Bhompal in 1600 AD
A Waqf is a permanent endowment of movable or immovable property (like land, buildings, or money) made by a Muslim
Post-independence, India followed a socialist model with high taxation and redistribution. Post-1991 economic liberalization
Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar was born on April 1, 1889 in Nagpur, Maharashtra. He trained as a medical doctor at Calcutta Medical College and participated in revolutionary activities
Cory Booker, a Democratic Senator, spoke for over 25 hours (25.05 hrs), setting a new record for the longest Senate speech
Constitutional Provisions regarding the impeachment of Judges of Supreme Court
Trade has shaped global economies, politics, and cultures—from ancient bartering to modern supply chains. While it fosters prosperity and cultural exchange,
The Reserve Bank of India slashed the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6% on 09/04/2025, with its Monetary Policy Committee
The Ken-Betwa Link Project (KBLP) is the first river interlinking project under the National Perspective Plan.
At Davos 2025, India showcased its global leadership through innovation, sustainability,
Protest against Tinkathia system (indigo cultivation).
The World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with UNICEF, UNFPA, the World Bank Group, and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Mounjaro is a new drug developed by Eli Lilly, originally for Type 2 diabetes. It has shown significant weight loss effects, making it a strong candidate as an obesity treatment.
India’s GDP Structure: Despite being a developing economy, India has bypassed the manufacturing-led growth model
The Iron Age in India is believed to have started around 1000 BCE.
A Department of Biotechnology (DBT) initiative aimed at sequencing 10,000 genomes of healthy individuals from 99 Indian ethnic groups.
The Indian Constitution lays down a strict procedure for the removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges
Prisons are a state subject under the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
The White House issued an executive order to shut down the United States Agency for Global Media (USAGM).
Heat waves in India are becoming more frequent, intense, and prolonged due to climate change.To mitigate the impact
Ram Manohar Lohia was a visionary leader who championed freedom, national and social justice.
Bhondsi Forest: An Ecological Corridor Located in the Aravallis, south of Gurugram.
OFB was corporatised on October 1, 2021, merging 41 production units into 7 new Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).
The Mughals ruled India from 1526 to 1857 and played a significant role in shaping India's history, politics, and culture.
A powerful 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar near Mandalay on March 28, 2025, causing widespread destruction and significant
Monkeys exhibit hierarchical power structures similar to human political systems.
India has established a comprehensive legal framework to combat money laundering, regulate financial transactions
Trump supports fossil fuels, including coal, and opposes climate advocates pushing for coal retirement.
Here are the key points from "Power Shift in the West" for your UPSC CSE preparation
China has a $1 trillion trade surplus, which has nearly tripled since the pandemic.
The Supreme Court suggested appointing retired judges on an ad hoc basis to address the backlog of pending criminal cases in High Courts.
The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023, published biennially by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) under the Ministry of Environment
The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme was launched on January 22, 2015, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Panipat, Haryana.
India's poverty rate was below 5% in 2023-24, according to an SBI study. Government data
India’s global consumption share at purchasing power parity (PPP) is projected to rise to 16% by 2050 (from 4% in 1997 and 9% in 2023).
John F. Kennedy famously said, “The ignorance of one voter in a democracy impairs the security of all.
Cancer treatment remains financially burdensome, with 1.6 million new cases and 800,000 deaths in India in 2023, rising further.
Capital punishment for women is rare due to mitigating factors such as gender, social conditions
Corals get their color from symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, which provide them with nutrients.
Gender bias is prevalent across professions and social settings. Women’s achievements are often dismissed based on appearance
Menstruation is a natural biological process but causes distress for many menstruators. Dysmenorrhea (severe menstrual pain) affects
USAID (United States Agency for International Development) has been a significant contributor to India's health
This year's Kumbh Mela was termed a "Maha Kumbh," considered the most significant in 144 years due to a rare planetary alignment.
Iftar (or Iftari) is the evening meal with which Muslims break their fast during the holy month of Ramzan (Ramadan)
Researchers found a gene in mice that rejuvenates female brains. The same gene exists in humans, offering hope for cognitive health improvements in old age.
On March 9, the Environment Minister announced that the centre had declared the Madhav National Park
India is considering reducing tariffs on soybean oil, lentils, and apples.
India imports 22 million tonnes of LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) and 8 million tonnes of fertilizers (N, P, K) annually (2022-2024)
Delimitation refers to the redrawing of Lok Sabha and State Assembly constituency
Ranveer Allahbadia Controversy: His comments on India’s Got Talent have sparked discussions on India’s obscenity laws.
The first train in India was inaugurated on April 16, 1853. It ran between Mumbai (then Bombay) and Thane
India’s Middle class after Independence was largely created by the public sector.
The Amrit Bharat Station Scheme was launched on August 6, 2023, by the Ministry of Railways.
DEI (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility) refers to policies that promote fair treatment
Only 5 women were elected to the eighth Delhi Assembly, representing 7% of the House.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be one of the first world leaders to meet US President Donald Trump
According to Oxfam's research, the British Empire extracted approximately $64.82 trillion (in today’s value) from India
US President Donald Trump criticised the high tariffs charged by India and other countries
The Indian Ocean region comprises 47 coastal countries, 7 island countries
Former US President Donald Trump speculated on the possibility of running for a
The Chhattisgarh High Court in a key ruling recently said that marital rape immu-nity in law extended to Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code
IIT Gandhinagar researchers have uncovered new evidence supporting the existence of a dockyard at Lothal.
The Government of India has initiated a comprehensive study on the population history of South Asia using ancient and modern genomics.
India has ascended to the 19th position globally in the StartupBlink Global Startup Ecosystem Index 2024.
India has witnessed rapid digital transformation in the past decade, driven by government initiatives
Bombay HC Ruling on Loudspeakers & Religious Practices said that no one can claim a fundamental right to use loudspeakers for religious practice.
US and European banks reduced physical branches due to digital adoption, but Indian banks expanded branches.
Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar criticized the whip system, saying it curtails an MP’s freedom of expression and enforces party servility.
MSP stands for Minimum Support Price, which is a guaranteed price set by the government to protect farmers from market fluctuations.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi said six crore property cards under the Centre’s SVAMITVA scheme have been distributed in all the villages of the country.
Several High Court and Supreme Court judges have made remarks reflecting personal or social morality in cases concerning live-in relationships, same-sex relations
The British government organized the Kumbh Mela officially for the first time in Allahabad in 1870.
The Union Civil Aviation Minister K. Rammohan Naidu has approved the construction of a
A scene from the trailer of the upcoming Bollywood film Chhava, based on the life of
Supreme Court hearing petitions filed by the Tamil Nadu government against Governor
Recently, PM Modi nominated 10 persons from different walks of life, including J&K CM Omar Abdullah, businessman Anand Mahindra,.
PM Modi has strategically integrated technology into India's foreign policy, recognizing it as a driver of development.
Indian Railways aims to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2030. The Ministry of Railways is exploring wind energy by installing wind turbines along railway tracks.
The National Sample Survey (NSS) was initiated in 1950 to bridge data gaps for national income estimation.
India is the world’s second-largest steel producer. Steel has an output multiplier effect of 1.4x on GDP
India ranks eighth among 125 countries in terms of its digital evolution momentum, released Digital Intelligence Index 2024. T
Four days after Manipur Chief Minister Biren Singh resigned, the state was put under President's rule on Feb 13, 2025
Ranveer Allahbadia Controversy: His comments on India’s Got Talent have sparked discussions on India’s obscenity laws.
Maharashtra leads India with 7,293 registered private security agencies under the PASARA Act, 2005. India has a total of 26,229 private security agencies, with 55% concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat.
In FY25, only 10,660.7 km of rural roads were built up to December 2024.
India becomes the 4th country (after the US, Russia, and China) to successfully demonstrate in-space docking capability.
Health is a State subject under the Indian Constitution, making States/UTs primarily responsible for healthcare expenditure.
Transition to net zero GHG emissions has been the big talking point of late, with consequences of negligence rising in magnitude.
The data highlights a significant disparity between private and government schools in terms of digital infrastructure.
Internet subscribers in rural India grew from 34.3 crore (Sept 2022) to 39.8 crore (March 2024) (16% growth).
The Union Cabinet has approved the constitution of the 8th Pay Commission for central government employees.
India is experiencing rapid digitisation, emerging as a fast-growing digital economy. Most cloud services are based in the West, leading to concerns over data sovereignty and security.
China is the top supplier of critical minerals to India in raw, metallic, or finished forms.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in bone health, immunity, and overall metabolism. It is unique because it can be synthesized by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight.
Space Parks are dedicated industrial and research zones designed to promote the manufacturing, development, and commercialization of space-related technologies.
Highest penetration: Kerala (72%), Goa (71%), Maharashtra (70%).
Russia’s Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation has developed Floating Nuclear Power Plants (FNPPs).
Till recently (2025 Jan) there were five commodity Board-in India.
China's marriage rate was low in 2024, continuing a troubling trend despite the government's efforts to encourage young people to marry and have children.
Heatwaves are prolonged periods of excessively high temperatures.
Chinar trees belong to the Platanaceae family.
India’s coffee exports during April-Nov last year grew 29% over the same period in 2023, crossing the $1 billion mark for the first time.
The RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) cut the repo rate by 25 basis points (bps) from its previous level to 6.25% .
The Earth's magnetic field is generated by the movement of molten iron and nickel in the outer core.
B.R. Ambedkar was an economist before becoming a politician
Shivalik Bimetal Controls (SBCL) operates in niche sectors, manufacturing critical components for emerging industries like Electric Vehicles (EVs), Smart Meters, and Switchgears.
Prince Shah Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan IV, the 49th hereditary Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, is a global humanitarian, philanthropist, and advocate for cultural preservation.
Natural farming and Multicropping yield better results for small farmers (Who holds 1 hectare to 2 hectares of land) than resource intensive monocropping.
A Good Sleep Improves Brain Functioning.Sleeping pills might help you fall asleep, but they can interfere with your brain's natural rinsing process.
One of the largest religious gatherings in the world. Held every 12 years at four locations: Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nashik.
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