Mangroves survive where most plants perish—in salty, coastal waters. New cellular-level research explains how these ancient plants tolerate extreme salinity
A recent Times Special report, based on data from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), reveals that India
Renewed cross-border clashes between Thailand and Cambodia in 2025 around the Preah Vihear temple—despite past ICJ rulings and ceasefires—have revived a long-standing sovereignty dispute,
Australia has implemented the world’s first nationwide ban on social media access for users under 16, triggering global debate on child mental health
Steven Pinker, Harvard cognitive psychologist, revisited his 2003 prediction that parents would not pursue IQ-enhanced gene-edited babies.
Grasslands in India are historically undervalued because colonial-era classifications labelled them as “wastelands.”
Seasonality shapes every ecosystem on Earth, and animals have evolved remarkable strategies to survive in environments
India hosted the 20th Session of UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) at the Red Fort, New Delhi, from 8–13 December 2025.
The Indian rupee slipped past the ₹90 per US dollar mark on December 3, breaching a psychologically significant threshold for the first time.
The 23rd Annual India–Russia Summit, held on 4–5 December 2025 in New Delhi, drew intense global attention as Russian President Vladimir Putin made his first visit to India
A Bihar-based study reported traces of uranium (U-238) in breast milk of lactating mothers across six districts.
In July 2023, the Bombay High Court directed the Goa government to notify five Protected Areas as a tiger reserve within three months.
India’s External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, speaking at a conference marking 50 years of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), warned that the world remains under-prepared to tackle bioterrorism
The Department of Posts has released a draft amendment to the Post Office Act, 2023 to introduce a new digital addressing system called DHRUVA (Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address).
The Mekedatu balancing reservoir project has again moved to the centre of inter-State water politics after Karnataka
Food security has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges confronting humanity today.
For decades, Kerala has dominated India’s development discourse. Its achievements in health, education, and social welfare
The recent Supreme Court judgment accepting a height-based definition of the Aravallis proposed by the Union Environment Ministry
In November 2025, scientists captured the first photographic evidence of a musk deer in Neora Valley National Park (West Bengal) — a region where the animal was thought to have disappeared about 70 years ago.
The 16th Presidential Reference to the Supreme Court of India (SC) is in the spotlight because the Droupadi Murmu-led presidency invoked Article 143 of the Constitution
The article is in news because India, in collaboration with WHO, is set to host the Second WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine in New Delhi (December 17–19, 2025).
The Assam government, led by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, tabled The Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill, 2025 in the State Assembly.
In a landmark move, the Central Government has notified and operationalised all four Labour Codes, marking India’s most comprehensive overhaul of labour regulations
India’s food safety landscape has come under sharp scrutiny after multiple high-profile adulteration cases, including the July 2024 Chennai raids on pani puri stalls
India’s trade deficit surged sharply in October 2025, rising 141% to $21.8 billion, bringing the issue into focus. The spike—driven mainly by a sudden jump in gold and silver imports and a dip in merchandise exports due to US tariffs—has raised concerns about external sector pressures.
The UN’s decision to declare October 29 as the International Day of Care and Support has renewed attention on India’s childcare ecosystem, especially frontline Anganwadi and crèche workers
India’s federal structure has always required delicate coordination between the Union and the States. In recent years, debates around GST rationalisation
The RBI Governor stated that the central bank does not target any specific rupee–dollar level, reaffirming its commitment to a market-determined exchange rate.
India is experiencing rapid digitisation, emerging as a fast-growing digital economy. Most cloud services are based in the West, leading to concerns over data sovereignty and security.
On 30 October 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump announced a plan to resume nuclear testing
The World Happiness Report 2025 has reignited debate after ranking Finland the happiest nation for the eighth consecutive year, while India placed 118
The World Health Organization (WHO) has released its much-anticipated Global Tuberculosis Report 2025
Laughter is often dismissed as a simple emotional reaction, but contemporary research shows it is a powerful neurobiological and social phenomenon.
India’s existing Flexible Inflation Targeting (FIT) framework—mandating inflation at 4% ± 2%—expires in March 2026. The RBI has released a detailed discussion paper to reassess the next phase of monetary policy design.
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs has circulated a draft policy on the relocation and rehabilitation of forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers living within protected areas (like tiger reserves).
For years, India’s digital payments ecosystem revolved around PhonePe, Google Pay, UPI, net banking, and similar platforms.
The Belém Summit has opened in the Brazilian Amazon ahead of the upcoming 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30).
The Union Government has notified new rules for Sustainable Harnessing of Fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
A new study published in iScience has offered rare insight into one of the earliest mysteries of human development — when the brain first begins to perceive rhythm.
Every year on November 14, India celebrates Children’s Day to honor the birth anniversary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, independent India’s first Prime Minister
The Supreme Court has agreed to examine the constitutional validity of a provision in the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021
Over recent years the global finance system has quietly begun to shift. The dominance of the U.S. dollar and Western-led payment infrastructure is being challenged by emerging economies seeking financial sovereignty.
A new study published in iScience has offered rare insight into one of the earliest mysteries of human development — when the brain first begins to perceive rhythm.
On October 27, Australia took a decisive stance in the global debate over artificial intelligence and copyright law.
Recently, around 500 Indian citizens trapped in the KK Park cybercrime hub in Myawaddy township
On 11 August 2025, the Supreme Court of India directed the Delhi government, municipal bodies, and police to immediately capture stray dogs
The Supreme Court recently permitted the sale of “green” crackers ahead of Deepavali, reigniting debate over their actual impact on pollution levels, their chemical safety
The Global Fintech Fest 2025 (GFF 2025), held from 7th to 9th October 2025 at the Jio World Convention Centre, Mumbai, marked a major milestone in India’s financial innovation journey.
In a world increasingly dominated by mass production, India’s diverse heritage of handmade crafts, traditional foods, and indigenous products stands out for its authenticity.
India stands on the brink of an educational transformation as the government prepares to integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the school curriculum from Class 3 onwards, beginning in the academic year 2026–27.
In 1875, in Bombay (now Mumbai), the reformist movement Arya Samaj was founded by Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati
The consolidated CAG overview and a set of State Finances Audit Reports for 2023–24 were tabled in state legislatures and Parliament
The Union Environment Ministry recently issued an Office Memorandum (OM) exempting the extraction of atomic, critical, and strategic minerals
Understanding food is not just about nutrition; it is about culture, politics, resilience, and survival. In an interview,
In September 2025, the United States revoked the sanctions waiver previously granted to India for its operations at the Shahid Beheshti Terminal of Chabahar Port in Iran.
On September 11, Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari announced that the Automotive Research Association of India
Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have signed a mutual defence pact, formally committing to collective defence and permanent military coordination.
Alan Mikhail, Chace Family Professor of History at Yale University, in a conversation with Times Evoke
Every living cell works because of a partnership between two key molecules
The Supreme Court’s five-judge Presidential Reference Bench led by Chief Justice of India B.R. Gavai
Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake recently became the first head of state from Sri Lanka to visit Katchatheevu Island
Nepal is witnessing a phase of intense social and political unrest, triggered not by a single event but by a cumulative build-up of grievances among its people
C. P. Radhakrishnan (NDA candidate) was elected as the 15th Vice-President, securing 452 votes against opposition’s B. Sudershan Reddy
The Taj Mahal dominates global imagination but Mughal architectural heritage is far more diverse.
The term "secular" in the Constitution to protect India's founding values amid rising political and social polarization.
On 11 August 2025, the Supreme Court of India directed the Delhi government, municipal bodies, and police to immediately capture stray dogs
In the first seven months of 2025, the Supreme Court (SC) heard 14 death sentence appeals and acquitted 7 entirely
The Lok Sabha passed the Income Tax Bill, 2025, replacing the Income Tax Act, 1961, which had been in force for over six decades
In its judgment, Shivangi Bansal vs Sahib Bansal, that was delivered in late July, the Supreme Court of India
On August 1, 2025, the Election Commission (EC) published the draft electoral roll for Bihar after the first phase of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) process
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), India’s largest IT services company, announced: A freeze on experienced hiring and A planned removal of around 12,000 employees.
On 6 August 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump doubled tariffs on Indian imports from 25% to 50%, effective in 21 days.
During a recent visit to Arunachal Pradesh, officials observed the rich diversity of traditional greens, millets, legumes
The principle "justice delayed is justice denied" captures the deep erosion of public trust caused by chronic delays in India’s judicial system.
Rice is not merely a dietary staple—it is also a historical and economic force that shaped civilisations, social relations, and global trade.
Nimisha Priya, a Malayali nurse, has been in a Yemeni prison since 2017 for the murder of her business associate, Talal Abdo Mahdi.
Russia’s vast landscapes — stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean — have long shaped, and been shaped by, human ambition.
Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR), India’s first national park (1936), continues to be a flagship in tiger conservation
India’s EV and renewable energy boom is driving exponential growth in lithium battery demand.
Tughlaqabad Fort in Delhi has recently drawn attention due to its little-known underground corridor, a long tunnel-like passage with rows of darkened cells.
Britain’s recognition of Palestine would be a major policy shift — from historically facilitating the creation of Israel to now endorsing Palestinian statehood
Five Israeli soldiers were killed and 14 wounded in a military operation in northern Gaza.
Assam’s ongoing eviction drives targeting encroachers—particularly Bengali-speaking Muslims from forest and government lands—have gained national attention.
In an unprecedented move, the summit of the Eiffel Tower was shut to tourists as Paris and several parts of Europe faced a red alert for extreme heat.
Mangroves have historically been marginalized in planning and policy frameworks despite their crucial ecological, economic, and climate-related roles.
The Aadi Thiruvathirai festival at Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Tamil Nadu, commemorating the birth anniversary of Rajendra Chola
On the occasion of International Tiger Day (29 July), The Times of India published a comprehensive report on the progress, success
In Indian culture, soil is not inert. It is seen as Bhoomi Devi (Earth Goddess), symbolizing fertility, patience, and strength.
The Indian Navy commissioned INS Nistar at the Naval Dockyard in Visakhapatnam. Along with its sister ship INS Nipun and two Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicles (DSRVs).
The NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite is scheduled to launch on July 30, 2025 from Sriharikota using GSLV-F16.
Tamil Nadu has witnessed a significant decline in tuberculosis (TB) deaths following the rollout of a novel initiative called Kasanoi Erappila Thittam (TN-KET) in 2022.
The Supreme Court of India expressed serious concern over the increasing number of student suicides, particularly in the Telangana and Andhra Pradesh regions.
Critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earth elements are vital for energy transition technologies like:
PM Modi's visit to Brazil for the BRICS Leaders’ Summit in July 2024 was one of his longest visits in 11 years.
On July 11, the Environment Ministry of India exempted 78% of coal-based thermal power plants from installing Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) devices meant to control sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emissions
The Maharashtra government has introduced and passed the Maharashtra Special Public Security Bill (MSPS).
The Election Commission of India (ECI) has launched a Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of Bihar’s electoral rolls, the first such exercise since 2003, targeting around 80 million voters.
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is the first and oldest stock exchange in Asia.
The Israel-Iran conflict caused a sudden drop in demand for Indian orthodox tea, especially from Iran – a major market.
Since Independence, only 18 Muslim women have been elected to the Lok Sabha.
Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh, the original site for cheetah reintroduction, proved unsuitable for sustaining the African cheetahs.
A mass child grave has been uncovered at a site in Tuam, Ireland, formerly known as St. Mary’s Mother and Baby Home.
A massive annual pilgrimage in which devotees of Lord Shiva (called Kanwariyas) carry holy water from the Ganges River to their hometowns.
Martyrs' Day was historically observed on July 13 in Jammu & Kashmir to commemorate 22 Kashmiri Muslims killed in 1931 during protests against the Dogra rule.
The Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra has resumed in 2025 after a five-year pause due to:
A hidden underground structure within Tughlaqabad Fort, Delhi, has come to light for its mysterious architecture and historical obscurity
The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) ordered a ban on End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs).
Jane Street Group, a proprietary trading firm headquartered in New York, was banned by SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of Indifor.
Origin of the term “Green Revolution”: Coined by William S. Gaud, Administrator of USAID, in a 1968 speech.
The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the longest-running and most complex geopolitical disputes.
The Sugar and Fat Boards are intended to serve as “behavioural nudges”, using visual cues to make people pause and reconsider their food choices.
Bobbili Veena (from Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh) has been nationally recognized under the One District One Product (ODOP) scheme..
The Indian government recently announced greenhouse gas emissions intensity of production targets for entities.
The World Bank's report states India's Gini coefficient of consumption inequality fell from 0.288 in 2011–12 to 0.255 in 2022–23, showing reduced inequality.
Mizoram has been in the grip of a prolonged refugee crisis since the 2021 military coup in Myanmar, with renewed intensity in July 2025 due to infighting between rebel groups in Chin State.
A recent IMF paper observes a sharp decline in cash usage in India, closely associated with the rise of UPI (Unified Payments Interface) since its launch in 2016.
On July 5, 2025, at the 47th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (WHC) held in Paris, the Maratha Military Landscapes of India was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Environmentalists and scientists have raised alarms that unregulated helicopter operations during the busy Char Dham Yatra season may be silently damaging the fragile ecosystem of the Garhwal Himalayas.
The Char Dham Yatra refers to the sacred pilgrimage to four major Hindu shrines located in the Indian Himalayas of Uttarakhand.
The High Seas Treaty, formally known as the UN Agreement on Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ), is a landmark international agreement.
93 women lose their life while giving birth in 1 lakh women in India between 2019-21. In other words
Mount Lewotobi Laki‑Laki is part of the Laki-Laki and Perempuan twin stratovolcano complex. Laki‑Laki is the more active one.
Mid-20th century: TB cases had been sharply declining in the U.S. This success was attributed to.
India has achieved a significant breakthrough in defence technology by developing a Photonic Radar for the first time.
A recent study by the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, published in Ecology Letters, explores how Peninsular India's unique biodiversity evolved over millions of years.
The 2025 BRICS Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, witnessed significant participation from the leaders of emerging economies, including Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
The ₹1.72 lakh crore Great Nicobar Infrastructure Project (GNIP) has come under scrutiny for downplaying seismic risks despite being located in a highly earthquake- and tsunami-prone zone.
Jet streams have recently gained attention due to their erratic shifts causing extreme weather—heatwaves, cold snaps, and monsoon irregularities.
The festival centers on Goddess Kamakhya, a form of the Mother Goddess or Shakti, whose sanctum at Kamakhya Temple .
India is one of the world’s 17 megadiverse countries, harboring more than 45,000 plant species, many of which are endemic.
A Geographical Indication is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin.
The Swachh Survekshan Awards 2024, conducted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban).
Electoral Bonds Scheme (EBS): Introduced in 2018 through the Finance Act, 2017, allowing individuals and companies to donate anonymously to political parties.
The State of the Climate 2024 reports from BioScience and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) provide crucial insights into global climate trends.
RBI Released the Financial Stability Report (FSR), released on June 30, 2025, presents a biannual assessment of systemic risks and resilience in India’s financial ecosystem.
India has achieved a 78% reduction in the Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR)—far exceeding the global decline of 61% during the period 1990 to 2023
External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar will undertake a three-day visit to the United States from June 30 to July 2, 2025, on the invitation of US Secretary of State Marco Rubio.
India is proudly celebrating 200 years of the globally renowned Assam Tea at the Summer Fancy Food Show being held from June 29 to July 1, 2025, at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in New York City.
Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao, popularly known as P. V. Narasimha Rao, remains one of the most underrated yet transformative leaders in Indian history.
In June 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reported that India posted a Current Account Surplus (CAS) of USD 13.5 billion (1.3% of GDP) in the January–March quarter (Q4) of FY 2024–25.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will embark on a five-nation tour from July 2 to 9, visiting Ghana, Trinidad & Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, and Namibia.
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
These data form the basis for targeted conservation, human‑elephant conflict mitigation, and habitat protection.
The Israel–Iran conflict, rooted in deep ideological and geopolitical rivalry, has resurfaced with intensity during the recent "12-Day War" in June 2025.
India is home to 267 million adult tobacco users, with tobacco causing around 1.35 million deaths annually.
The Snow Leopard Population Assessment in India (SPAI) Program is India’s first scientific and nationwide estimation of its snow leopard population.
The Smart Cities Mission (SCM), launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 25, 2015, is a transformational urban development initiative aimed at modernizing India’s cities.
The rise in the use of milkweed fiber reflects the global shift toward sustainable and eco-friendly materials across various industries.
Global economic dynamics are shifting, with countries seeking to reduce dependence on the US dollar (USD) for international trade.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has reduced the repo rate by 50 basis points, bringing it down from 6.5% to 6.0%.
Purpose: To act as a talent bridge, enabling UPSC-qualified candidates—those who cleared prelims, mains.
This theme celebrates the deep interconnectedness of personal well-being and planetary wellness.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a critical driver of economic growth in developing countries like India.
Quad & Indo-Pacific Strategy: India’s Role and Strategic Alignment
Privatization of Public Sector Banks (PSBs) has been a key economic reform debate in India. While PSBs have historically played a crucial role in financial inclusion, credit expansion.
Project Tiger, launched in 1973, stands as one of the world’s most successful conservation initiatives. Celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2023.
"One Nation, One Election"(ONOE) is a proposal to conduct simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha (Parliament) and all State Assemblies in India.
he United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) initiated the Plastic Treaty Negotiations to address the escalating plastic pollution crisis.
India has 85 Ramsar sites as of December 2024, reinforcing its commitment to wetland conservation and sustainable use.
India has demonstrated a strong commitment to strengthening wildlife conservation and expanding protected areas through innovative wildlife corridors and forest protection programs.
India’s defence budget for FY 2024-25 has reached a record ₹6.81 lakh crore ($75 billion), reflecting its strategic emphasis on modernization, indigenous defence production, and export growth.
The National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) is a ₹110 Lakh Crore infrastructure investment initiative launched in 2019 to boost economic growth and improve India’s infrastructure.
he Women’s Reservation Bill, officially known as the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023, was passed by the Indian Parliament in September 2023.
The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) is a legally binding international treaty under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Despite the name, the black box is not black. It is typically bright orange with reflective tape to aid visibility after a crash.
India, with a rapidly expanding aviation sector, has adopted a multi-pronged approach to enhance air safety.
Over the years, India has witnessed multiple air accidents, claiming hundreds of lives even before passengers could reach their destinations.
On June 12, 2025, an Air India flight (AI171) departed from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, bound for London Gatwick.
Mission Mausam is a multidimensional initiative by the Government of India that aims to strengthen historical, cultural, economic, and climate resilience linkages among nations
As of 2024, no native marsupial species have been discovered in India.
The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change highlights the severe and escalating health threats posed by climate change.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to an investment made by a foreign entity (individual, company, or government) into the productive assets
India’s Advantage: As of 2006, 62% of the population was in the working-age group. It is expected to peak at 67.3% by 2050.
The Keeling Curve is a fundamental dataset in climate science, providing empirical evidence of the steady increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels due to human activities.
Mangrove forests are one of the most productive and valuable ecosystems on Earth. They act as natural buffers against coastal erosion, provide critical habitats for marine biodiversity, and play a significant role in carbon sequestration.
The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) is a global conservation initiative launched by India to protect and conserve seven big cat species across the world.
The Indian judiciary plays a crucial role in upholding the Constitution and ensuring justice.
On November 19, 2024, India and the United Kingdom (UK) agreed to restart negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in 2025 following the election of a new Labour government under Prime Minister Keir Starmer.
India’s Water Crisis & Jal Jeevan Mission Progress.
Agro-terrorism (also called agricultural bioterrorism) is the deliberate introduction of pests, pathogens, or contaminants into the agricultural sector.
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a major environmental challenge affecting Indian cities. Due to rapid urbanization, deforestation, concrete infrastructure, and increased energy consumption.
India's startup ecosystem has grown into the third largest globally, fueled by government policies, digital penetration, foreign investments, and a young entrepreneurial population.
India aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030 as part of its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
India’s space journey began under the visionary leadership of Vikram Sarabhai, regarded as the father of India's space program.
Overview of the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM)
India’s solar energy sector is experiencing a significant transformation, driven by ambitious government policies, technological advancements, and growing public demand for clean energy solutions.
The world’s population has more than tripled since the mid-20th century, rising from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 8 billion in 2022.
India has been making significant strides in promoting sustainable agriculture and organic farming as part of its broader strategy to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers, improve soil health, and enhance farmer incomes.
India’s National Electric Mobility Plan (NEMP) and EV Expansion (2024–2025)
India, as a key player in global climate negotiations, has updated its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
The Indian economy is projected to grow at 6.4% in FY 2024-25, as per the first advance estimates by the National Statistical Office (NSO).
The Indian government is strategically shaping its digital trade policy to protect domestic businesses while encouraging foreign investment.
India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) has revolutionized governance, public service delivery, and economic growth by leveraging digital platforms like Aadhaar, DigiLocker, and the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC).
India's defence exports have reached an all-time high of ₹21,083 crore ($2.63 billion) in FY 2023-24, marking a 32.5% growth compared to the previous fiscal year.
With climate change intensifying, India, the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs), is taking strong steps to mitigate emissions through carbon markets and carbon sink enhancement projects.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the global economy, and India is taking a strategic approach to ensure ethical AI development, mitigate biases, and regulate AI-based surveillance risks.
Prelims 2025 key
The UPSC Prelims 2025 Paper 1 was conducted on 25th May 2025, revealing key trends in subject-wise dominance.
India is experiencing a rapid demographic transition with its aging population increasing at an unprecedented rate.
Humanoid robots are expected to revolutionize employment in multiple sectors, including domestic work, elderly care, and industries.
The relationship between Russia and Ukraine is deeply rooted in centuries of shared history, cultural connections, and geopolitical struggles.
India Balancing Strategic Interests in South Asia: India’s Stand on the Taliban and Afghanistan’s Future
UPSC Prelims Examination Guidelines (General Overview)
The Indian monsoon, driven by complex ocean-atmosphere interactions, is highly sensitive to global climatic phenomena, particularly El Niño.
The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) represents one of the most significant trade and environmental policy shifts in recent years.
This day is observed globally to raise awareness and promote action for the conservation of biodiversity — the variety of life on Earth, essential for sustaining life systems.
China’s economy, the second-largest in the world with a GDP of $19.53 trillion, has been experiencing a slowdown since mid-2023.
Terrorism poses one of the gravest threats to global peace and national security.
India is experiencing a dramatic surge in extreme heat events, exacerbated by a combination of climate change, urban heat islands (UHIs), and the Heat Dome Effect.
India has achieved a significant milestone in agricultural production by overtaking China to become the world’s largest rice producer in the year 2024–25.
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) is experiencing a period of strategic transformation, marked by expansion, increasing geopolitical significance, and economic diversification.
In the digital age, misinformation (false or misleading information spread deliberately or unintentionally) has become a serious challenge.
Flooding is a recurring natural disaster in India, particularly affecting states like Assam, Tripura, Wayanad (Kerala), and Manipur due to their geographic and climatic conditions.
The Changing Nature of India's Labour Market.
The global aviation industry, which contributes approximately 2.5% of global CO₂ emissions and nearly 12% of total transport emissions, faces mounting pressure to decarbonize.
E-waste contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants, which can pollute soil and water.
The Digital Rupee (e₹) is India's Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), introduced by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in December 2022.
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2024 (DPDP Act) is a landmark law aimed at safeguarding personal data in India’s rapidly growing digital economy.
Wetlands are one of the most important ecosystems, playing a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and hydrological balance.
The upcoming Census of India (2025) and the subsequent Delimitation Exercise (2026) represent one of the most critical political and constitutional turning points in India's post-independence history.
Olive Ridley turtles, scientifically known as Lepidochelys olivacea, are one of the smallest and most abundant sea turtle species in the world.
India's rapid digitalization, with one of the largest internet user bases in the world, has significantly increased the country's vulnerability to cyberattacks.
The Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) is a fascinating marine species, found primarily in the warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.
Here are the key points from the article “Basmati beyond borders: An Indo-Pak story” relevant for UPSC CSE (Prelims + Mains – GS II, III & Essay)
Coral reefs are vital marine ecosystems that support a vast range of marine biodiversity.
Cloud seeding is a weather modification technique aimed at artificially enhancing precipitation.
Boreal forests, also called Taiga, are the largest biome on Earth, covering vast areas across the Northern Hemisphere.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is arguably the most ambitious global infrastructure and economic development strategy in modern history.
Blue carbon refers to the carbon captured and stored by coastal and marine ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes.
The Bonn Climate Conference 2024, officially known as the 58th Session of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies (SB 58), took place in Bonn, Germany, from June 3–13, 2024.
Bharatmala Pariyojana is a flagship highway development program launched by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) to improve connectivity and logistics efficiency across India.
The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Treaty, also called the High Seas Treaty.
The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) is an annual citizen science program that monitors waterbird populations and wetland health across Asia, including ASEAN countries.
AI is the simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think, learn, and solve problems like humans.
The year 2024 has surpassed 2023 as the hottest year on record globally. According to NASA and the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).
The Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–1925) was a landmark social reform movement in British India aimed at abolishing caste-based discrimination .
According to historical and mythological traditions, the idols were originally created by Vajranabh, the great-grandson of Lord Krishna.
The Bay of Bengal is emerging as a critical strategic arena in the Indo-Pacific region.
India, once the proud global face of premium tea — especially the GI-tagged Darjeeling variety — is now facing a triple crisis:
Democracy in India is not just about regular elections but about the effective delivery of essential public services to the masses.
GIP is India’s ambitious initiative to map the genetic diversity of its population.
India’s exports of cut and polished diamonds have fallen to the lowest in two decades on sliding global demand.
The recent academic success of girls at the prestigious Doon School highlights shifting gender dynamics in education.
The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2024, introduced as a reform measure, has been severely criticized by legal scholars, civil society, and minority groups
The European Space Agency (ESA) is preparing to launch its ambitious Biomass Mission in late April 2025.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is often remembered as the architect of the Indian Constitution and a champion of social justice.
Germany's newly elected government under Friedrich Merz has explicitly stated India will play a major role
The Dhinga Gavar Festival is celebrated exclusively in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and in 2025 it was held on Wednesday, April 16.
Agriculture in India has historically been monsoon-dependent. Failed or erratic monsoons led to crop failures, hunger, and famines.
On April 22, 2025, a militant attack in Pahalgam resulted in the deaths of 26 civilians, including 25 Indian nationals and one Nepali tourist.
In the year 2024–25, one of the major improvements at Keoladeo National Park was the reconstruction of the Black Top (BT) road. This redevelopment significantly improved
1971 Liberation War: India played a decisive role in Bangladesh’s independence from Pakistan, creating a deep sense of gratitude and camaraderie in Bangladesh.
Pope Francis, born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was the first Jesuit and Latin American pontiff.
Trump’s "Make America Great Again" agenda resulted in trade tensions, primarily with China, causing global economic uncertainty.
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) announced the final results of the Civil Services Examination (CSE) 2024
In the early 1920s, the British colonial government adopted protectionist economic policies to encourage Indian industries.
Vedic Period (1500–500 BCE) is the Roots of Traditional Indian Medicine
The exploration of alien life has fascinated scientists and thinkers for centuries. In the 1800s, astronomers began speculating about life beyond Earth
On the occasion of World Heritage Day 2025, the UNESCO Memory of the World Register included India’s Bhagavad Gita
Religious tourism refers to travel undertaken for spiritual or religious purposes. In India, it holds special significance due to the country's rich and diverse religious traditions.
India’s Information Technology (IT) sector, projected to generate $283 billion in revenue in the current financial year, is undergoing a significant transformation in its organisational workforce model.
Ratan Tata born in 1937 into the Tata family, he studied architecture
Naini Lake is a natural kidney-shaped lake in the heart of Nainital, surrounded by seven hills.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance established in 1949 to ensure collective security among its member nations.
Mahabodhi Temple located in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, is the site where Prince Siddhartha attained enlightenment, becoming the Buddha in 589 BCE.
The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) of India has grown from a modest secretarial unit at independence into the nerve center of national governance.
Empuraan is a Malayalam political action thriller, sequel to Lucifer (2019).
Built by King Bhompal in 1600 AD
A Waqf is a permanent endowment of movable or immovable property (like land, buildings, or money) made by a Muslim
Post-independence, India followed a socialist model with high taxation and redistribution. Post-1991 economic liberalization
Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar was born on April 1, 1889 in Nagpur, Maharashtra. He trained as a medical doctor at Calcutta Medical College and participated in revolutionary activities
Cory Booker, a Democratic Senator, spoke for over 25 hours (25.05 hrs), setting a new record for the longest Senate speech
Constitutional Provisions regarding the impeachment of Judges of Supreme Court
Trade has shaped global economies, politics, and cultures—from ancient bartering to modern supply chains. While it fosters prosperity and cultural exchange,
The Reserve Bank of India slashed the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6% on 09/04/2025, with its Monetary Policy Committee
The Ken-Betwa Link Project (KBLP) is the first river interlinking project under the National Perspective Plan.
At Davos 2025, India showcased its global leadership through innovation, sustainability,
Protest against Tinkathia system (indigo cultivation).
The World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with UNICEF, UNFPA, the World Bank Group, and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Mounjaro is a new drug developed by Eli Lilly, originally for Type 2 diabetes. It has shown significant weight loss effects, making it a strong candidate as an obesity treatment.
India’s GDP Structure: Despite being a developing economy, India has bypassed the manufacturing-led growth model
The Iron Age in India is believed to have started around 1000 BCE.
A Department of Biotechnology (DBT) initiative aimed at sequencing 10,000 genomes of healthy individuals from 99 Indian ethnic groups.
The Indian Constitution lays down a strict procedure for the removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges
Prisons are a state subject under the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
The White House issued an executive order to shut down the United States Agency for Global Media (USAGM).
Heat waves in India are becoming more frequent, intense, and prolonged due to climate change.To mitigate the impact
Ram Manohar Lohia was a visionary leader who championed freedom, national and social justice.
Bhondsi Forest: An Ecological Corridor Located in the Aravallis, south of Gurugram.
OFB was corporatised on October 1, 2021, merging 41 production units into 7 new Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).
The Mughals ruled India from 1526 to 1857 and played a significant role in shaping India's history, politics, and culture.
A powerful 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar near Mandalay on March 28, 2025, causing widespread destruction and significant
Monkeys exhibit hierarchical power structures similar to human political systems.
India has established a comprehensive legal framework to combat money laundering, regulate financial transactions
Trump supports fossil fuels, including coal, and opposes climate advocates pushing for coal retirement.
Here are the key points from "Power Shift in the West" for your UPSC CSE preparation
China has a $1 trillion trade surplus, which has nearly tripled since the pandemic.
The Supreme Court suggested appointing retired judges on an ad hoc basis to address the backlog of pending criminal cases in High Courts.
The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023, published biennially by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) under the Ministry of Environment
The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme was launched on January 22, 2015, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Panipat, Haryana.
India's poverty rate was below 5% in 2023-24, according to an SBI study. Government data
India’s global consumption share at purchasing power parity (PPP) is projected to rise to 16% by 2050 (from 4% in 1997 and 9% in 2023).
John F. Kennedy famously said, “The ignorance of one voter in a democracy impairs the security of all.
Cancer treatment remains financially burdensome, with 1.6 million new cases and 800,000 deaths in India in 2023, rising further.
Capital punishment for women is rare due to mitigating factors such as gender, social conditions
Corals get their color from symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, which provide them with nutrients.
Gender bias is prevalent across professions and social settings. Women’s achievements are often dismissed based on appearance
Menstruation is a natural biological process but causes distress for many menstruators. Dysmenorrhea (severe menstrual pain) affects
USAID (United States Agency for International Development) has been a significant contributor to India's health
This year's Kumbh Mela was termed a "Maha Kumbh," considered the most significant in 144 years due to a rare planetary alignment.
Iftar (or Iftari) is the evening meal with which Muslims break their fast during the holy month of Ramzan (Ramadan)
Researchers found a gene in mice that rejuvenates female brains. The same gene exists in humans, offering hope for cognitive health improvements in old age.
On March 9, the Environment Minister announced that the centre had declared the Madhav National Park
India is considering reducing tariffs on soybean oil, lentils, and apples.
India imports 22 million tonnes of LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) and 8 million tonnes of fertilizers (N, P, K) annually (2022-2024)
Delimitation refers to the redrawing of Lok Sabha and State Assembly constituency
Ranveer Allahbadia Controversy: His comments on India’s Got Talent have sparked discussions on India’s obscenity laws.
The first train in India was inaugurated on April 16, 1853. It ran between Mumbai (then Bombay) and Thane
India’s Middle class after Independence was largely created by the public sector.
The Amrit Bharat Station Scheme was launched on August 6, 2023, by the Ministry of Railways.
DEI (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility) refers to policies that promote fair treatment
Only 5 women were elected to the eighth Delhi Assembly, representing 7% of the House.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be one of the first world leaders to meet US President Donald Trump
According to Oxfam's research, the British Empire extracted approximately $64.82 trillion (in today’s value) from India
US President Donald Trump criticised the high tariffs charged by India and other countries
The Indian Ocean region comprises 47 coastal countries, 7 island countries
Former US President Donald Trump speculated on the possibility of running for a
The Chhattisgarh High Court in a key ruling recently said that marital rape immu-nity in law extended to Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code
IIT Gandhinagar researchers have uncovered new evidence supporting the existence of a dockyard at Lothal.
The Government of India has initiated a comprehensive study on the population history of South Asia using ancient and modern genomics.
India has ascended to the 19th position globally in the StartupBlink Global Startup Ecosystem Index 2024.
India has witnessed rapid digital transformation in the past decade, driven by government initiatives
Bombay HC Ruling on Loudspeakers & Religious Practices said that no one can claim a fundamental right to use loudspeakers for religious practice.
US and European banks reduced physical branches due to digital adoption, but Indian banks expanded branches.
Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar criticized the whip system, saying it curtails an MP’s freedom of expression and enforces party servility.
MSP stands for Minimum Support Price, which is a guaranteed price set by the government to protect farmers from market fluctuations.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi said six crore property cards under the Centre’s SVAMITVA scheme have been distributed in all the villages of the country.
Several High Court and Supreme Court judges have made remarks reflecting personal or social morality in cases concerning live-in relationships, same-sex relations
The British government organized the Kumbh Mela officially for the first time in Allahabad in 1870.
The Union Civil Aviation Minister K. Rammohan Naidu has approved the construction of a
A scene from the trailer of the upcoming Bollywood film Chhava, based on the life of
Supreme Court hearing petitions filed by the Tamil Nadu government against Governor
Recently, PM Modi nominated 10 persons from different walks of life, including J&K CM Omar Abdullah, businessman Anand Mahindra,.
PM Modi has strategically integrated technology into India's foreign policy, recognizing it as a driver of development.
Indian Railways aims to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2030. The Ministry of Railways is exploring wind energy by installing wind turbines along railway tracks.
The National Sample Survey (NSS) was initiated in 1950 to bridge data gaps for national income estimation.
India is the world’s second-largest steel producer. Steel has an output multiplier effect of 1.4x on GDP
India ranks eighth among 125 countries in terms of its digital evolution momentum, released Digital Intelligence Index 2024. T
Four days after Manipur Chief Minister Biren Singh resigned, the state was put under President's rule on Feb 13, 2025
Ranveer Allahbadia Controversy: His comments on India’s Got Talent have sparked discussions on India’s obscenity laws.
Maharashtra leads India with 7,293 registered private security agencies under the PASARA Act, 2005. India has a total of 26,229 private security agencies, with 55% concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat.
In FY25, only 10,660.7 km of rural roads were built up to December 2024.
India becomes the 4th country (after the US, Russia, and China) to successfully demonstrate in-space docking capability.
Health is a State subject under the Indian Constitution, making States/UTs primarily responsible for healthcare expenditure.
Transition to net zero GHG emissions has been the big talking point of late, with consequences of negligence rising in magnitude.
The data highlights a significant disparity between private and government schools in terms of digital infrastructure.
Internet subscribers in rural India grew from 34.3 crore (Sept 2022) to 39.8 crore (March 2024) (16% growth).
The Union Cabinet has approved the constitution of the 8th Pay Commission for central government employees.
India is experiencing rapid digitisation, emerging as a fast-growing digital economy. Most cloud services are based in the West, leading to concerns over data sovereignty and security.
China is the top supplier of critical minerals to India in raw, metallic, or finished forms.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in bone health, immunity, and overall metabolism. It is unique because it can be synthesized by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight.
Space Parks are dedicated industrial and research zones designed to promote the manufacturing, development, and commercialization of space-related technologies.
Highest penetration: Kerala (72%), Goa (71%), Maharashtra (70%).
Russia’s Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation has developed Floating Nuclear Power Plants (FNPPs).
Till recently (2025 Jan) there were five commodity Board-in India.
China's marriage rate was low in 2024, continuing a troubling trend despite the government's efforts to encourage young people to marry and have children.
Heatwaves are prolonged periods of excessively high temperatures.
Chinar trees belong to the Platanaceae family.
India’s coffee exports during April-Nov last year grew 29% over the same period in 2023, crossing the $1 billion mark for the first time.
The RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) cut the repo rate by 25 basis points (bps) from its previous level to 6.25% .
The Earth's magnetic field is generated by the movement of molten iron and nickel in the outer core.
Shivalik Bimetal Controls (SBCL) operates in niche sectors, manufacturing critical components for emerging industries like Electric Vehicles (EVs), Smart Meters, and Switchgears.
Prince Shah Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan IV, the 49th hereditary Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, is a global humanitarian, philanthropist, and advocate for cultural preservation.
Natural farming and Multicropping yield better results for small farmers (Who holds 1 hectare to 2 hectares of land) than resource intensive monocropping.
A Good Sleep Improves Brain Functioning.Sleeping pills might help you fall asleep, but they can interfere with your brain's natural rinsing process.
One of the largest religious gatherings in the world. Held every 12 years at four locations: Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nashik.
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